Android, the open-source operating system for mobile devices, is famous for its robust app ecosystem and user-friendly design. Its commitment to open-source collaboration, security, and adaptability has solidified its position in the mobile industry, such as smartphones and tablets, and it is a playground for developers to build awesome apps and for users to enjoy a fully customizable and user-friendly experience.
Its core principles revolve around open-source collaboration, security, and adaptability. Access control is a crucial element of Android, ensuring data security and protecting user privacy. In the context of Android, access control involves overseeing permissions and privileges for various resources and functionalities within the operating system and applications. Android ensures that access control is in place to protect sensitive data and features from unauthorized access and misuse[1].
Android access control schemes are crucial for effectively managing and enforcing access control policies within the Android operating system. These schemes regulate the access rights of various applications and users, which is critical in maintaining the system's security and integrity[2].
The continuous evolution of the operating system and its dedication to security demonstrate its commitment to providing a secure environment for users and developers. Cell phone apps often have access to extensive data and resources on the device, leading to privacy and security risks. Partially, Android devices have become increasingly powerful and ubiquitous, offering a wide range of applications. Many of these apps use advertising libraries to deliver targeted ads based on user habits and personal characteristics. However, due to the complex permissions structure of cell phones, these apps often have access to all data and resources on the device, posing a risk to user privacy and secrecy
The progress of Android access control has been truly remarkable over the years. In its initial stages, Android had relatively weak access controls, resulting in security vulnerabilities. However, Google has since implemented various security measures to enhance access control on the platform. A pivotal advancement was the introduction of runtime permissions in Android 6.0 (Marshmallow)[6]. This innovation allowed users to grant or deny specific permissions, such as access to the camera, microphone, or location, on a per-app basis, providing users with more control over their data and bolstering security. Subsequent updates brought additional security features, including app sandboxing and background app limitations, further strengthening access control and safeguarding user data[3].
In 2015, Android 6.0 Marshmallow was released. It made a huge leap from Android 5.0 Lollipop, bringing exciting UI improvements, beefed-up security, and seamless integration with Google services. It introduced features like app permissions, Now on Tap, and Doze mode for improved battery life. Additionally, Marshmallow brought native support for fingerprint recognition and USB Type-C.
Android Marshmallow introduced several useful features to improve user experience. Now on Tap allows you to access relevant information and apps with a simple tap. The operating system also includes features like Doze and App Standby to optimize battery usage, as well as the ability to control app permissions. In addition, Marshmallow introduced fingerprint security for unlocking phones and making secure transactions with Android Pay. The update also maintained the colorful Material design theme introduced with Lollipop[4].
In closing, Android's unwavering dedication to open-source collaboration, security, and flexibility has firmly established its dominance in the mobile industry. With the rollout of runtime permissions in Android 6.0 Marshmallow and subsequent updates, access control has been significantly enhanced, giving users more power over their data and strengthening security measures. The continual advancements and steadfast focus on security showcase Android's pledge to create a safe environment for both users and developers. In summary, Android's thriving app ecosystem, intuitive interface, and emphasis on security solidify its position as a top-notch operating system for mobile devices.
Refrences
[1] P. Liu, G. Peng, and J. Fang, "[Retracted] A Secure Communication and Access Control Scheme for Native Libraries of Android Applications," Security and Communication Networks, vol. 2022, Article ID 3923690, 2022.
[2] W. M. A. B. W. M. H. Amri, "Android as open source and operating system," ResearchGate,Jun.10,2020. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342051937_Android_as_open_source_and_operating_system
[3] I. M. Almomani and A. A. Khayer, "A Comprehensive Analysis of the Android Permissions System," IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 216671–216688, 2020, doi: 10.1109/access.2020.3041432.
[4] Marshmallow Android. Available at: https://www.android.com/versions/marshmallow-6-0/
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